St Michael
The year trundles on. We’re now well into September and counting down to winter. The 29th September is a particularly memorable day for me, it’s my daughter’s birthday, and it is also the feast day of St Michael the Archangel! Hence Michaelmas! Apparently the feast day was instituted in the year 487 a.d. in honour of St Michael and all Angels.
Quarter Days and Rent Days
Michaelmas was one of the ‘quarter days’ or ‘rent days’ in the countryside, when rents were paid to the landlord, usually for farms and small holdings. Together with the ‘rent’ many tenants arrived at their landlord’s door with a fat Michaelmas goose under one arm (whether the goose was still in the land of the living is unclear!) to prevent the ‘lease flying’! In other words, a big, fat, feathery bribe!
Michaelmas Goose
Therefore, goose became the traditional fare at Michaelmas! (For some!) As traditional as the turkey at Christmas. Geese were fattened on the stubble after harvesting the crops of grain, no doubt becoming very fat and succulent! Last Christmas was the first time in my life that I have tasted goose! My family never quite managed to elevate themselves to the rank of either giver or receiver of goose at Michaelmas, probably, more likely having the status of fighting the bird for the ‘gleanings’ in the wheat fields! I must say I was pleasantly surprised just how delicious the bird turned out to be. And, it is said that if you eat goose on Michaelmas day you will have money all the year! Ah!! That’s where I’ve been going wrong!!
The tradition of eating goose at Michaelmas probably goes back as far as the 15th century. But again, I would imagine only for the rich and opulent!! Us peasants would have taken a piece of our coarse bread and sniffed in the aroma outside the kitchen door, taken a bite of the ‘staff of life’ and been grateful!! *tugs forelock*
Hiring and Firing
Michaelmas was also the time for ‘hiring’ and ‘firing’ fairs, or ‘mop’ fairs. These fairs date from the time of King Edward 3rd (1312-1377). At Michaelmas the High Constables of the Shire set the rates of pay and conditions of employment for the coming year. Men and women flocked to the local street or square, wherever the fair was taking place, to be ‘hired’ for the next twelve months. They often carried a ‘tool of their trade’ to show prospective employers what their field of expertise was. (Excuse the pun!) On mutual agreement being reached a shilling (equivalent to 5 new penve today!!) was then handed to the new employee to seal the deal. This coin was often called ‘earnest money’, ‘fest’, ‘fasten money’ or ‘God’s penny’.
Goings On!
These gatherings soon attracted fairground type amusements, which in turn encouraged drunkenness and lewd behaviour! (In whose eyes, one has to ask?!) This was probably a good time for the hardworking guys and gals to let off a bit of steam and have a well earned annual romp! More power to their elbows says I! In some places the ‘hiring fairs’ continued well into the 20th century.
Livestock Sales
Michaelmas also coincided with the end of harvest, when the old farmer could peruse his crop yield and decide how much stock he could afford to feed over the coming winter, so, there were also sales of livestock at this time. So, a time for not only workers to be traded off, but the animals as well!
Dick Whittington!
Michealmas is also the time when the new Lord Mayor of London is elected. Long live Dick Whittington!! But that’s another story!
Thanks for your time!
The Bumpkin Rambler xx